Audible range of sound for most young people is 20 hz to 20,000 hz 1. He also measures the speed of sound using an inclass demo. Preface these are the lecture notes provided for physics 224, the physics of music, taught at mcgill university in fall 2006. Jill notes that between two support poles the ribbon is 1. So, you will hear an echo if you make a loud noise when you are several hundred metres from a brick wall or a cliff, for example.
The disturbance can be mass density, pressure, or electric field depending on the physical context. This website is created solely for jee aspirants to download pdf, ebooks, study. Characteristics of wave the characteristics of waves are as follows. Dean lewis waves sheet music for piano download free. Revision notes on waves and sound waves askiitians. Student learning objectives lessons lecture notes important equations example problems applets and animations videos student. Waves class 11 notes physics mycbseguide cbse papers. A medium is necessary for the propagation of sound waves. Waves a wave is a disturbance that pppg gropagates through space and time, usually with transferrance of energy.
Because of the central role played by sound in speech communication, it is important to have a good understanding of how sound is produced, modified, and measured. Speed of sound in air about 340 msec varies strongly with temperature. The particle in the water moves in a circular path as the wave goes by. These waves require a medium for propagation, they cannot propagate through vacuum. To study the properties of common waves waves on strings, sound waves, and light waves. Sound speed varies, depending on medium travel fastest in solids, slowest in gases travel fastest in the most dense media speed of sound animation. The document covers class 12 physics notes on sound waves containing top concepts like wave motion, mechanical wave motion, progressive wave, superposition principle, stationary waves etc. The seismic waves that cause most damage to buildings are a kind of rolling waves. If playback doesnt begin shortly, try restarting your device. Mechanical waves and sound powerpoint notes free download as powerpoint presentation. Notes on oscillations and mechanical waves periodic motion. Depends on the temperature and the medium it is traveling through. All other selfstudy revision notes are also available for download, free of charge. In this amplitude of sound waves adds up to increase loudness of sound.
Similarly, notes played on a stringed instrument such as a violin or cello will sound. The speed of sound in 20 degrees celsius dry air is approximately 343. An echo is a sound that has been reflected before you hear it. Wave motion and sound the general discussion of wave motion is important because the ideas of wave propagation are ubiquitous.
You can calculate the speed of a wave if you know its. Light and sound notes thomas county school district. Sound waves travel faster through liquids than through air. The physics of waves version date february 15, 2015. In the case of sound waves, the vibrations create a series of compressions and expansions and the wave travels along the compression in the direction of the propagation.
Examples of wave motion include waves on strings, water waves, seismic waves, sound, all electromagnetic radiation including light, heat, xrays, etc. Your vocal chords sound can not travel in a vacuum. The default wave function is sinusoidal but any other analytic function can be entered in the text box. Sound can travel through many different mediums, though humans are most accustomed to hearing sounds through air. For an echo to be clearly heard, the obstacle needs to be large compared with the wavelength of the sound. Icse class 10 physics chapter 7 sound revision notes.
Sound waves are longitudinal waves that travel through a medium. These rolling waves are a combination of compressional and transverse waves. In nearly all areas of science and therefore real life energy is transferred via the vibrations that make up waves. Sound wave, a longitudinal wave, is discussed in this lecture. Materials on this site may not be updated for the current syllabus. Waves class 11 notes physics chapter 15 learn cbse. With that said, the approach here will be to understand music and musical instruments first, and to study the physics of waves and sound as needed to push the understanding of the music concepts. Sound can be reflected, refracted and diffracted which shows that it travels as a wave. Electromagnetic waves do not need a physical medium. A sinusoidal wave of frequency 500 hz has a speed of 350 ms.
Notes of ch 12 sound class 9th science study rankers. In a longitudinal sound wave propagating in a gas, the vibrations are the displacements of the air molecules or pressure or density. From source to detector sound from an instrument to ear cell phone to cell tower and vice versa em waves water waves a disturbance in the water moves outward. Introduction and types a wave is a transfer of energy through a medium from one point to another. It is a medical instrument used for listening the sounds produced in human body mainly in heart and lungs. Recognize how the speed of sound waves changes based on the medium through which they travel, and the temperature when they travel through air. Each particle in the fluid moves back and forth about one position.
Infrasonic waves are below 20 hz and ultrasonic waves are above 20,000 hz. Sound waves pdf version the pdf version of the teacher toolkit on the topic of the nature of sound is displayed below. Sound is compressional, which means it must have a medium. Sound sound waves are longitudinal waves that travel through a medium. Speed of sound waves two factors affect the speed of sound waves. This is because particles are linked most strongly in solids. A mans voice tends to have a lower pitch than a womans voice. Wave motionis the disturbance, set up in the medium, due to the repeated periodic motion of the particles of the medium and travels from the particle to particle, the particles themselves keep vibrating about their mean positions. They involve oscillations of constituent particles and depend on the elastic properties of the medium. A sound wave is an air pressure disturbance that results from vibration. Class 11 physics revision notes for chapter 15 waves.
Even more important, though only touched on in this book, is the wave phenomenon of quantum mechanics, built into the fabric of our space and time. Download allen kota physics chapterwise notes and problems with solutions all jee mainsadvance study materials available to download for free. In water waves, the particles oscillate in a direction perpendicular to the direction that the wave travels. A longitudinal wave that is caused by vibrations and that travels through a material medium. Longitudinal waves two different motions to describe in a wave.
The best app for cbse students now provides waves class 11 notes physics latest chapter wise notes for quick preparation of cbse board exams and school based annual examinations. Mechanical waves and sound powerpoint notes sound waves. The faster waves travel, the more crests or compressions pass by you each second. The characteristics of sound waves decide the pitch and loudness of the sound. The principle of superposition states that the net displacement of the underlying medium for a wave is equal to the sum of the individual wave displacements. If it must have a medium, it is called a mechanical wave. The wave equation outline of mechanical waves longitudinal and transverse waves waves in a string, sound waves the wave equation description of waves using functions of two variables travelling waves the wave equation 0 y v y 1 2 2 2 2 2 x t waves in a string.
Cbse physics chapter 15 waves class 11 notes physics in pdf are available for free download in mycbseguide mobile app. Lessons lecture notes the physics classroom conceptual waves. Their vibrations occur in the same direction as the direction of travel. Sounds behave in certain ways because of the properties of sound waves. Jun 25, 2019 waves class 11 notes physics chapter 15 waves wave is a form of disturbance which travels through a material medium due to the repeated f periodic motion of the particles of the medium about their mean positions without any actual transportation of matter. Unlike electromagnetic waves, sound will not travel through a vacuum.
Class 11 physics revision notes for chapter 15 waves free pdf download. The wave in which the particle experiences displacement parallel to the direction of the propagation. If you think the materials are useful kindly buy these legally from publishers. This website is created solely for jee aspirants to download pdf, ebooks, study materials for free.
Light, water waves and waves on a string are examples of transverse waves. Sound is a longitudinal wave produced by a vibrating source that causes regular variations in air pressure p in diagram above. A wave can be described as a disturbance that travels through a medium from one location to another location. Examples include waves in water, seismic waves, sound waves, and vibrations in strings the energy of a mechanical wave is a function of its amplitude. Ncert cbse notes for class 9 science physics chapter 12 sound. A sound wave is both the end product of the speech production mechanism and the primary source of raw material used by the listener to recover the speakers message.
Sound waves are longitudinal waves that must pass through a medium. Examples of wave motion include waves on strings, water waves, seismic waves. Download revision notes for waves class 11 notes physics and score high in exams. Note that the water particles move approximately up and down at one location. Motion of the waves energy motion of individual molecules of the wave transverse waves two motions are perpendicular waves on a string, water surface waves longitudinal waves two motions are parallel sound waves waves can have both transverse and longitudinal motion. All about waves notes outline answers teachengineering.
There are familiar, everyday sorts of waves in water, ropes and springs. These are the waves class 11 notes physics prepared by team of expert teachers. Some of these waves are compressional, and others are transverse. Lee calculates the speed of sound using two extreme cases. A wave is a transfer of energy through a medium from one point to another. There is energy transport the disturbance propagates, but there is no net transfer of mass no convection. The sound of the heartbeats reaches the doctors ears by the multiple reflection of the sound waves in the rubber tube of stethoscope. Sound waves are longitudinal waves that must pass through a medium, such as air.
Whether youre talking out loud or texting on your phone, theres going to be a wave transmitting information. A wave is a vibratory disturbance in a medium which carries energy from one point to another point without any actual movement of the medium. Apr 22, 2019 the repetition of sound caused by the reflection of sound waves is called an echo. The minimum distance from a sound reflecting surface to hear an echo is 16. For longitudinal waves, the direction of motion of the particles is the same as the direction the wave travels. Notes on oscillations and mechanical waves the topics for the second part of our physics class this quarter will be oscillations and waves. Along with the transverse and the longitudinal waves some waves in nature demonstrate the combination of both such as water wave. While a mechanical wave exists in a medium which on deformation is capable of producing elastic restoring forces waves ofproducing elastic restoring forces, waves of electromagnetic radiation and probably gravitational. Download cbse class 11th revision notes for chapter 15 waves class 11 notes physics in pdf format for free. Examples include radio waves, microwaves, infrared waves, light waves, ultraviolet waves. The goal however is a deeper understanding of the physics of waves and sound than. Types of waves 2types of waves 2 plane waves propagation direction w plane waves have a propagation direction and therefore plane wavefronts e. These notes are combined with chapter 14 oscillations. In general, sound waves in any medium can be a mixture of.
Traveling waves waves propagate from one place to another. Vibration is the rapid to and fro motion of an object. Rather, video clips should be used throughout the year to teach, remediate, lerate the concepts sound brain pop search for sound good vibrations. Echolocation waves can have frequencies of about 100,000 hz.
Waves and wave properties lessonall about wavesnotes outline answers all about wavesnotes outline answers a wave is a disturbance that carries energy from one place to another. To register physics tuitions on to clear your doubts. Production of sound sound is produced due to the vibration of objects. The most familiar type of waves such as waves on a string, water waves, sound waves, seismic waves, etc. Learn how humans interpret the frequency and amplitude of sound waves. There are many common elements to all the various types of wave motion that can be described and these will be pointed out. The physics classroom grants teachers and other users the right to print this pdf document and to download this pdf. Waves class 11 notes physics chapter 15 waves wave is a form of disturbance which travels through a material medium due to the repeated f periodic motion of the particles of the medium about their mean positions without any actual transportation of matter. There are less visible but equally pervasive sound waves and electromagnetic waves. All em waves travel in vacuum at the same speed of 3108ms.
Periodic waves are reflected and inverted and interfere with one another creating standing waves. Learn the fundamentals of waves and sound in this unit. Transverse waves have vibrations perpendicular to the direction of travel e. Adjust the frequency, volume, and harmonic content and you can see and hear how the wave changes. Ultrasound is a high frequency sound wave, and is used in industry, medicine, quality control and sonar by transmitting the waves, and observing the way in which they are reflected back. They are created by the vibrations of an object such as the drumhead or a.
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